The Vulture gold Mine was discovered by Henry Wickenburg in 1863 and became the largest gold producing mine in Arizona.  The mine changed owners several times in the ensuing years, riding out boom and bust periods caused by financial scandals, theft of high grade ore, and sketchy water supplies.  The mine closed for good in 1942 although the tailings have been mined as recently as the 1990s.  Over the years, more than $200 million has been taken from the mine.

The mine brought people, agriculture, transportation and overall economic growth to Wickenburg, Phoenix, and surrounding communities.
 

                              

1915 Vulture City Girls                         1906 Vulture City School
Basketball team - State
Champions


Vulture Gold Mine Timeline
(Compiled from research by Lynn Downey and Cindy Thrasher)


1819

-Henry Wickenburg born in Germany. (November)

 

1847

-Henry Wickenburg emigrates to the United States.

 

1853

- According to the Yavapai County Great Register of September 4, 1882, Henry Wickenburg was naturalized as an American citizen in San Francisco in 1853. However, other records exist which show him applying for naturalization in 1877 and receiving his citizenship in 1882. Research is underway to settle the matter.

 

1860

- Henry Wickenburg listed in Kern Valley, CA census

 

1862

- Henry Wickenburg in La Paz  

 

 

1863
-Henry Wickenburg arrives in the area of the lower Hassayampa River. (October)

-Henry Wickenburg has two partners helping him work a dry claim in the area: Major E.A. Van Bibber and Theodore G. Rusk/Theodore Green.

 

-He/they discover a quartz outcropping: the Vulture Mine.

 

-Van Bibber and Rusk/Green abandon their part of the claim.

 

1864

Territorial Census: Henry Wickenburg is living in Pima Villages, Arizona County.  Henry Wickenburg also listed in the AZ Territorial 3rd Judicial District Census 

 

-Charley Genung meets Henry Wickenburg, and the two work Henry’s claim together. (Summer)

-Wickenburg Mining District created 

1865

“Another quartz mill is on the way to Vulture mine. Mr. James Curtin has one shipped capable of grinding ten tons each day, which in two months it is expected will have been put up and running.” (Daily Alta California¸ September 9)

 

-“Tyson & Co. [Coulter & Tyson] have completed the erection of their mill at Wickenburg, to work the Vulture mine, and that it was to have commenced running on the 26th of September. A large quantity of rock has been taken to the mill, which, with the tailings from the arrastras, will supply material for some time.” (Daily Alta California, October 26)

 

-The quartz mill owned by Coulter & Tyson is running at Vulture. (Daily Alta California, November 12)

 

1866

-Reports circulate that the shaft of the Vulture “Ledge” shows a richer strike than had been thought. (Daily Alta California, March 13)

 

-Mr. Tyson (of Tyson & Coulter) sells his mill and is erecting a larger one at the Vulture “ledge.” (Daily Alta California, April 2)


-The Sacramento Daily Union reports that Henry Wickenburg has sold the Vulture mine to B. Phelps for $75,000. He then purchases Tyson & Coulter’s mill and is crushing rock on his extension claim (at the Vulture).

A Major Van Bibber of Colusa county (California) had a claim on the Vulture and received $10,000 from T.B. Phelps to “quiet” his claim. (April 11, July 11)

 

-The Vulture is reported to be paying large dividends. (Daily Alta California, August 15)

 

-The Vulture Mining Company is formed in this year. (Botts, p. 28)

 

- Henry Wickenburg is shot in the head in an altercation, and a suspect is arrested. (Arizona Miner, April 25)

 

1867

-A 20-stamp mill now runs on the Vulture. A contract is made with a Fort Yuma firm to haul 20 tons per day of the rock to Wickenburg.  The old 5-stamp mill is now being rented by Mr. Cusenbery (James Cusenbary, superintendent).  This information appears in an article about Michael Goldwater. (Daily Alta California, February 9)

 

-“News has lately been received that a discovery of the same kind of gold-bearing quartz veins with the Vulture (that is, of free gold) has been made, by some Montana miners, about twenty-five miles easy of Wickenburg and half-way between the Hassayampa and Salt Rivers.” (Daily Alta California, April 7)

 

-A newspaper article says that Michael Goldwater’s claim has been paid in full and the mine is in the hands of the Vulture Mining Company. (Daily Alta California, August 9) According to Gene Botts, in The Vulture: Gold Mine of the Century, Goldwater and fellow merchant Bernard Cohn put up about $35,000 to finish the mill and it was completed in November of 1866. (Botts, p. 29)

 

-Edward Smith is severely injured by the premature discharge of a blast. (Daily Alta California, October 7)

 

-Reports that 16 mule teams hauling rock from Vulture to the mill on the Hassayampa had been lost to Apaches were shown to be incorrect. (Daily Alta California, November 12)

 

-The Vulture Mining Company strikes a “pocket,” with a value of $2,000. “Messrs. Smith & Wickenburg were getting ready to work. They are fixing up Henry Wickenburg’s five stamp mill, have sent teams and men to the mine, and expect soon to turn out lots of bullion.” (Daily Alta California, December 9)

 

1868

-Henry Wickenburg, Peter Smith, Fritz Brill and Peter Taylor open up the western extension of the Vulture. They call their operation the Smith Company. (Botts, p. 35)

 

-A Mr. Reese has taken charge of the mill run by [    ] Smith and Henry Wickenburg. (Daily Alta California, December 17)

 

-The Vulture Mining Company’s 20-stamp mill is in place. (Daily Alta California, December 17)

 

-The Vulture produces $250,000 in this year. (Botts, p. 33)

 

1869

-Francis Hinton, former of Hooper, Hinton & Co., merchants of Arizona City, takes possession of 1,400 feet on the Vulture lode, and of the Wickenburg ten-stamp mill. (The Miner, September 4)

 

1870
-There are about 500 people in Vulture City. (Botts, p. 34)


-Henry Wickenburg is living in Wickenburg, Yavapai County.

 

-Judge John A. Rush buys a storehouse and its contents from Judge Hayden of Tucson. It is next to the Vulture Quartz Mill, Vulture City, and patronized by the Vulture Mining Company and its numerous employees. The Miner newspaper reports that Judge Rush plans to go to San Francisco to get more goods for the store. (The Miner, February 26)

-Over 600 ounces of gold bullion from Vulture is sent to Los Angeles. (Daily Alta California, March 4)

 

-Newspapers report a big strike at the Vulture. “Some rock paying a thousand dollars is taken out.” (Sacramento Daily Union, April

29)

 

-A ledge of rich rock, 27 feet wide, at a depth of 230 feet, is discovered at the Vulture. (Daily Alta California, May 5; Sacramento Daily Union, June 3)

 

-The 40-stamp mill at the Vulture is running day and night. (Daily Alta California, November 20)

 

1871

-The stockpile of lower-quality ore is about 160,000 tons in size. (Botts, p. 41)

 

1872

-A “Captain Frank” of the Vulture leads a party in search of the Gun-sight lode in Death Valley. Its discoverers had abandoned the mine due to starvation and loss of supplies. (Sacramento Daily Union, February 21)

 

-Superintendent B.F. Mudge replaces James Sexton as superintendent. (Botts, p. 45) He is replaced the next month with James Cusenbary.

 

-The [Cresenbarg – Cusenbary?] Brothers “have again taken charge of the Vulture mill and mine, near Wickenburg, and confidence is again restored in that quarter.” (Daily Alta California, March 31)

 

-Newspapers report plans to experiment with an artesian well at the Vulture. (Daily Alta California, August 19)

 

1873

- Henry Wickenburg serves on the 7th Territorial Legislature Mine, Claims, Roads and Ferries Committees.

 

1874

-Bill Smith’s 10-stamp mill is “crushing the richest ore from the Vulture ever yet worked.” (Sacramento Daily Union, December 3)

 

1875

-Wickenburg and its environs become part of Maricopa County. (April)

 

-“A shooting scrape occurred yesterday at Smith’s mill, Vulture mine, nine miles from Wickenburg, on the Phoenix road, between two men named Ballard and Babe. Babe was dangerously shot in the mouth, the ball lodging in his head. Fears are entertained of his recovery. Ballard was brought to Prescott for trial.” (Sacramento Daily Union, May 27)

 

-The Vulture is sold to a J. M. Barney, of Yuma, for $3,200. (The Weekly Miner, December 24)

 

1876

-A Joseph Rosenthal purchases the Vulture mill tailings. (The Weekly Miner, August 25)

 

1877

- Henry Wickenburg, postmaster at Wickenburg has resigned (Weekly Arizona Miner, January 19)

 

1878

-Richard Ashhurst of Philadelphia and Walter Logan of New York, run an ad in the Daily Alta California claiming that they are the true owners of the Vulture Mine and that anyone claiming ownership and title from P.W. Smith and others are in violation of the law. (March 10)

 

-This group is the Central Arizona Mining Company, and they named James Cusenbary superintendent yet again. (Botts, pp. 53-54)

 

-George A. Treadwell is the superintendent of the Vulture. (Obituary, San Francisco Call, November 14, 1911)

 

1879

-Ten bars of Vulture gold, valued at $9,000, is among the items stolen from the southbound stage, 3 miles from Phoenix. (Sacramento Daily Union, August 11)

 

- Henry Wickenburg is deeded 160 acres (Town) by president Rutherford B. Hayes.

 

1880

-The Central Arizona Mining Company lays 14 miles of pipe for taking water from the Hassayampa to run their 80-stamp mill at the Vulture. It is expected to start the mill in August. (Sacramento Daily Union)

 

- Henry Wickenburg names the Black Canyon gold mine "Iconoclast" (Phoenix Herald, June 18)

 

-Vulture City post office established. (October 4)

 

1883

- Henry Wickenburg sells the Iconoclast and Galespie mine near Black Canyon (Arizona Gazette, June 30)

 

1884

-Six large concentrators are built at Wickenburg to work the tailings from the Vulture mine. A large pump is on its way to Wickenburg. (Mohave County Miner, July 6)

 

1885

-The Vulture stage is held up on its way to Phoenix on April 16 and $5,400 in bullion is stolen. (The Arizona Champion, April 25)

 

-A Chinese worker named Wong Tie kills another Chinese mine worker. (The Arizona Champion, October 3)

 

-J.P. McAllister of McAllister and [McCone?], a foundryman, along with his wife, arrives in Phoenix from Maricopa. He is the plaintiff in a case against the Vulture Mine. (The Daily Tombstone, October 17)

 

-Henry Wickenburg is one of the 3 householders left in one time flourishing town of Wickenburg, which was named for him. (Arizona Gazette, February 22)

 

1886

-Mrs. Jenny Elmore is listed as the new buyer of the Vulture Mine and announces that she will hire 50 more miners to commence work immediately. In reality, it is her husband Lyman who purchases the mine in her name.  (The Arizona Champion, January 30)

 

-W.J. Kauffman of St. Louis buys the Vulture for $100,000. (The Arizona Champion, September 18)

 

1887

-An article about Henry Wickenburg states that he is living on a farm near Wickenburg. (Mohave County Miner, February 19)

 

-Ex-Senator Horace Tabor of Colorado buys the Vulture for $265,000. Cyrus Gribble is the new superintendent. (Mohave County Miner, April 2; The Arizona Champion, April 9)

 

-A cave-in at the Vulture on October 3 takes the life of a 28-year-old worker named Alexandro Valenzuello. Two other miners named Kirkpatrick and McAllister barely escape. (The Arizona Champion, October 8)

 

-A newspaper article states that Governor Zulick “recently” abolished the Vulture post office. (Mohave County Miner, November 12)

 

- Henry Wickenburg is appointed deputy recorder to register voters in Wickenburg precinct (Arizona Gazette, April 23)

 

1888

-Cyrus Gribble, superintendent of the mine, is murdered when escorting bullion to Phoenix, along with driver John Johnson and engineer Charles Doolittle.  (Daily Alta California, March 21, 22; The Mohave Miner, March 24)

 

-The April 14 edition of the Mohave County Miner gives statistics about output, number of stamps and number of employees at the Vulture Mine.

 

-A Phoenix hotel called The Brown House, owned by Thomas Brown, Vulture Mine superintendent, is destroyed in a fire. (Sacramento Daily Union, August 10)

 

-Maricopa county sheriff A.J. Halberd travels to Tombstone to interrogate two Mexicans held by Sheriff Slaughter for the murder of Cyrus Gribble. (Mohave County Miner, September 22)

 

-Joseph Henwood is killed on October 6 at the mine when a cap exploded in his hand and ignited a nearby box of caps. (Mohave County Miner, October 13)

 

-Senator Tabor closes a deal to sell the Vulture to a British company, and gives them 6 months to review the mine’s potential, after which time they can back out of the deal if the mine does not perform. (Mohave County Miner, November 3) The new manager is J.E. (James) Moorish. (Sacramento Daily Union, November 3)

 

-A wagon of supplies for the mine gets stuck in the mud near Nigger Wells and the teamster has to unload 1,750 pounds of giant powder (dynamite). Another teamster came along, and seeing a coyote sniffing at the boxes, attempts to shoot it, and the powder explodes. (Mohave County Miner, December 8)

 

-Senator Tabor’s men were rumored to have taken forcible possession of the Vulture on May 24. The mine had been sold to an English company in 1888, which made a down payment and which were to make another payment in six months, which they did not do. This event shuts down the Vulture. (Arizona Silver Belt, May 25)

 

-Francisco Vega, who killed a man named Barney Martin and his family in 1886, is arrested in Mexico. He was associated with Ynocente Valenzuela, who was shot for the murder of Cyrus Gribble in 1888. (Arizona Silver Belt, September 21)

 

1890

-The Walnut Grove dam bursts on February 22, killing more than 30 people and destroying Henry Wickenburg’s home.

 

-An article about the Vulture mine runs in the May 22 edition of The Arizona Republican.

 

-Henry Wickenburg is a delegate to the Democratic County Convention from Maricopa County. (Arizona Republican, August 27, 28)

 

-Henry Wickenburg is an inspector for the Maricopa County elections (Arizona Republican, November 3).

 

-The polling place for Vulture City is Ganz’s store. The inspectors are Eugene Angelman and Thomas E. Farish.

 

-Henry Wickenburg spends time in Phoenix. (Arizona Republican, November 16)

  

-An article about the settlers of the Wickenburg area runs in the December 15 issue of the Arizona Republican.

 

1891

-Henry Wickenburg’s case against the Walnut Grove Water Storage Dam Company is decided in favor of the defendant. (Arizona Republican, February 17)

 

-Captain M.H. Calderwood secures the rights to use the water in the Vulture mine for watering his stock. (Arizona Republican, April 4)

 

-Henry Wickenburg is an election inspector for precinct 18 (Wickenburg) for the May 12 election of delegates for the constitutional convention. The polling place is Grant’s store in Wickenburg. (Arizona Republican, April 19)

 

-John Baker is an election inspector for precinct 19 (Vulture City) for the May election. The polling place is Ganz’s store.

 

-A worker named Miguel Flores, who suffers from a sort of “epileptic lunacy” is committed to an asylum. (Arizona Republican, April 26)

 

-“Hon.” Tom Farish returns to the Vulture mine after the holidays. (Arizona Republican, December 24)

 

1892

-T.E. Farish, who has had men working around the mine sinking prospect shafts leaves for the mine around June 18 with supplies and to start up the stamp mills. (Mohave County Miner, June 18)

 

1893

-Henry Zeuner, from Tombstone, strikes a rich lode about 20 miles from the Vulture mine. He and Billy Pump sink shafts at the location. (Tombstone Epitaph, February 26). On February 8, a Tombstone man named Jos. Lippert reported that he received a letter from Zeuner, stating that he was very ill with pneumonia. (Tombstone Epitaph, February 8)

 

-Two bars of bullion from Vulture are found in San Bernardino, most likely from the robbery and murder of Cyrus Gribble in 1888. (Arizona Silver Belt, April 1)

 

-The Mohave County Miner reports that 20 stamps are working at the Vulture. (August 5)

 

The Tombstone Epitaph reports on a new ore body which has been struck in the workings of the Vulture. (October 8)

 

-Thomas G. Greenhaw and P.A. Bicknell start to work on the old Cusenberry mine, now owned by Greenhaw. (Mohave County Miner, December 23)

 

1894

-The lease on the Vulture held by Thomas Farish expires and Senator Tabor sends W.L. Cooper to head to the mine. (Mohave County Miner, June 16)

 

-Senator Horace Tabor tours the Vulture with a party of mining men from Phoenix on June 19.  They discuss piping water from the Hassyampa to the mine. (Arizona Silver Belt, June 23)

 

-J.D. Helm & [     ] McLeish find success working the tailings from the Vulture mine using the cyanide process. (Mohave County Miner, July 28; Tombstone Epitaph, December 1)

 

-Henry Wickenburg for the consideration of $1,000, has given to the Santa Fe, Prescott and Phoenix railway, a right of way across his property. (Arizona Gazette, October 28)

 

1895

The Tombstone Epitaph runs a story about the amount of ore contained in the buildings at Vulture. (July 28)

 

- Henry Wickenburg sells his general merchandise store to Mary Little, located in the town of Wickenburg. (Arizona Gazette, April 25)

 

1896

-Senator Tabor gives an interview to the Phoenix Herald about his plans for the Vulture Mine. (Arizona Silver Belt, May 28, 1896)

 

-An article about the Tabor Mining and Milling Company and the amount owed by Senator Tabor on the Vulture runs in the Tombstone Prospector. (November 14)

 

-The mine is sold at a sheriff’s auction for $24,000 to satisfy a judgment against Senator Tabor under the terms of a trust deed.  The Walnut Grove dam disaster had destroyed the water pipeline to the mine. (Arizona Silver Belt, November 19)

 

1897

-The mine is sold to W.C. Davis of Tucson and H.M. Love and associates of Chicago on April 6. (San Francisco Call, April 7; Arizona Silver Belt, April 15) The firm is called the Vulture Mining Company.

 

-Vulture City post office closed April 24. See Mohave County Miner article of November 12, 1887, stating that Governor Zulick “recently” abolished the Vulture post office.

 

-An article appears in the June 10 edition of the Arizona Silver Belt about the ore milled at Vulture, and the buildings which, when torn down, also contained ore.

 

- Henry Wickenburg is a Justice of the Peace (Phoenix Herald,  October 18)

 

1900

-A short article about the value of the Vulture appears in the May 31 edition of the Arizona Silver Belt.

 

1901
-Elbert Hendrickson, who was one of four men who robbed the stage between the Vulture Mine and the Southern Pacific RR station in Maricopa around 1871, dies in Phoenix.  The robbery had netted 2 bars of gold bullion from the Vulture.  Before he died, Hendrickson told 3 friends where the gold could be found.  the men has buried the gold in Phoenix: one bar under a house at Second and Adams owned by a man named Evans, and the other under a saloon, also owned by Evans.  This bar was soon cut up and divded among the robbers but the other left in place for later, and the men went their separate ways to let things cool off.  WIthin a few months, however, all but Hendrickson had been killed, but he was afraid he would be captured so he never went looking for the gold.  On his deathbed he told his friends about it and they went to the house in the now well-developed city of Phoenix and found the bar.  It was marked "Vulture Gold Mine, Wickenburg, Ariz., 1870."  No one at the mine - now in transition between owners - tried to recover the gold.

 

-George W. Sanders visits the Vulture on May 27 and announces that he will resume operations at the mine in June. He says that $250,000 will be spent to equip the mine, including a 100-ton mill. (Arizona Silver Belt, May 30)

 

-George W. Sanders purchases pipe in Prescott to run water from the Hassayampa to the mine. He also plans to construct an electric line between Hot Springs Junction and Wickenburg. The Arizona Silver Belt claims that the mine has not been worked since 1891, but had produced over $9,000,000 in its lifetime. (Arizona Silver Belt, June 6)

 

-The Arizona Silver Belt runs a short profile of Henry Wickenburg. (June 6)

 

-American Development Company of New York purchases the Vulture Mine. (Arizona Silver Belt, December 5)

 

- Henry Wickenburg has sold two claims in the Vulture Mining District to George E. Sanders, who has added them to the Angel group of mines. (Wickenburg News-Herald, November 30)

 

1902

-It is reported that the Hassyampa River is lower than it has been for 40 years and Henry Wickenburg has to sink his well 10 feet deeper. (Mohave County Miner, May 31)

 

1903

-James G. McNaughton, Jr. secures a lease to the Vulture tailings and constructs a cyanide plant to treat the tailings. (Arizona Silver Belt, October 22)

 

1904

-George Sanders and six other men jump the Vulture Mine’s sixteen claims. (June) The owners in Chicago were informed by telegraph. An assessment was to have been done the previous year under the direction of Sanders’s

father George W. Sanders (who died in February). (Arizona Silver Belt February 11, June 9)

 

-Litigation regarding the relocation of the New Vulture Mining company property by Charles Kinsley begins. (June) (Arizona Silver Belt, June 16, July 7)

 

1905

-Henry Wickenburg dies by his own hand, May 14.

 

-George E. Sanders pays the debt for the Vulture Mine and promotes its “rehabilitation.” (June) See also Arizona Silver Belt, June 8, 1905 re claim jump. On June 22 the Arizona Silver Belt reports that Sanders and 20 men from New York (“twenty of New York’s four hundred”) arrive in Wickenburg to inspect the Angel, Bess and Vulture mines.

 

A court case regarding ownership of the Vulture is decided in favor of the “old owners.” (Sanders?) (Arizona Silver Belt, December 21)

 

1908

-The mine is sold to a Boston syndicate for $500,000 by the Chicago owners. (Mohave County Miner, September 19)

 

-Thirty men now work at the Vulture. (Los Angeles Herald, November 16)

 

1909

-Sixty men now work at the Vulture. (Los Angeles Herald, August 16)

 

-Twenty stamps are running at the Vulture.

 

1910

-A new strike is reported at the Vulture. (Los Angeles Herald, February 28)

 

-A new cyanide mill at the Vulture handles 100 tons of ore daily. (Los Angeles Herald, October 19)

 

1912

-Reports of a new ore discovery at the Vulture are published in the January 6 edition of the Mohave County Miner.

 

1913

-The new management of the Vulture and rumors of more discoveries is reported in the March 1 edition of the Mohave County Miner.

 

-Another article about the rich ore at Vulture is published in the May 24 issue of the Mohave County Miner.

 

1923

-Seven men and twelve burros are buried by a cave-in, causing an open pit now called the Glory Hole. (Botts, p. 88)

 

1927

-D.R. Finlayson forms the Vulture Mining and Milling Company. (Botts, p. 90)

 

1931

-The United Verde Extension-Vulture Mining and Milling Company sinks a shaft at Vulture, spurring a “rush” by amateur miners.

 

1941

- Vulture mine closed when the U.S. government ordered all non-essential mining halted due to the war.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 






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Vulture Mine History

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